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Wizja sieci semantycznej


Ideę Semantic Web poznaliśmy po raz pierwszy w artykule opublikowanym w Scientific American Magazine w 2001 roku (Świat Nauki opublikował tłumaczenie w lipcu 2001). Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler i Ora Lassila przedstawili w nim wizję sieci internetowej następnej generacji. Bohater tego artykułu – Piotr – na podstawie uzyskanej diagnozy zleca swojemu agentowi znalezienie kliniki świadczącej niezbędne usługi, która znajduje się w dogodnej odległości i posiada dobrą opinie. Program postarał się uzgodnić wolne terminy z napiętym terminarzem Piotra. Co najistotniejsze w przytoczonej historii, to brak konieczności przeglądania dziesiątków stron z diagnozą, poszukiwania stron kliniki w niedalekiej odległości i uzgadniania terminów zabiegów z terminarzem głównego bohatera. Całą „czarną robotę” wykonał automatycznie osobisty agent Piotra.



Wizja jaką przedstawia Tim Barnes-Lee wydaje się bardzo kusząca. Jeśli maszyny okażą się zdolne do analizy wszelakich danych w sieci - treści, linków i relacji oraz interakcji - to doczekamy się inteligentnych agentów, które będą zdolne do pokonywania typowych problemów dnia codziennego, jak transakcje handlowe, biurokracja. Wszystko to odbędzie się bez udziału człowieka, wyłącznie między maszynami. To realizacja odwiecznego marzenia ludzkości.



Semantyczna Sieć Web opiera się na integracji informacji. Na przykład, jeśli oglądasz stronę WWW, to możesz znaleźć na niej informacje o wykładzie czy imprezie, w której chciałbyś uczestniczyć. To wydarzenie odbywa się w określonym miejscu, o określonej porze, wiadomo, że jest grupa ludzi z nim związana. Jednak Ty musisz najpierw przeczytać treść strony, następnie oddzielnie otworzyć kalendarz i wpisać potrzebne informacje. Jeśli ponownie chcesz trafić na stronę zawierającą informacje o imprezie, to musisz jeszcze raz wpisać jej adres. Jeśli chcesz uzyskać informacje biznesowe dotyczące uczestników to musisz wyciąć informacje ze strony i wkleić do swojej książki adresowej, ponieważ dane z książki, z danymi ze strony WWW nie są w żaden sposób zintegrowane.



Kiedy korzystasz z aplikacji, powinieneś mieć możliwość umieszczenia w niej danych, które możesz odpowiednio konfigurować. Powinieneś mieć możliwość poinformowania swojego komputera "idę na tę imprezę". A gdy to mówisz, to maszyna rozumie tę informację. Semantyczna Sieć Web polega na umieszczaniu plików zawierających dane w sieci Web. To nie tylko sieć dokumentów, ale także informacji, danych, treści. Semantyczna Sieć danych, powinna zawierać możliwie dużo aplikacji, które komunikują się ze sobą. Po raz pierwszy powstanie jeden powszechny format danych dla wszystkich aplikacji, baz danych i stron WWW. Warto zauważyć, że podobne cechy (w obrębie danego serwisu) można odnaleźć w serwisach wyrosłych z nurtu Web 2.0, jak zicherka.pl.

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